Passively cooling hardware components

ABSTRACT

A system and a method are disclosed for placing hardware components on a printed circuit board (“PCB”) in a way that enables all hardware components on the PCB to be passively cooled without using active cooling systems. Components are selected to be placed onto the PCB and heat metrics for each component is obtained (e.g., from a server). The components are ranked based on the amount of heat that each component generates. A corresponding position for each of the hardware components is determined based on the ranking of the components and the orientation of the PCB. The placement is based on the concept that air having higher temperature rises while air having cooler temperature falls. A representation of the PCB according to corresponding positions of the hardware components may be generated for display.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.17/077,361 filed on Oct. 22, 2020, which is incorporated by reference inits entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The disclosure generally relates to the field of passively coolinghardware components.

BACKGROUND

Hardware components in computer systems produce heat as those componentsprocess information. As those hardware components get more complex, theygenerate more heat and if that heat is not properly dissipated, thosehardware components overheat and eventually fail. To solve this problem,builders, designers, and others started adding active cooling systems toprocessing systems, including fans and water cooling. However, thosesystems add complexity to hardware design and can also draw a largeamount of power. Because active cooling systems have various movingparts, those systems break down causing one or more hardware componentsto overheat and fail, in many cases, without a user knowing of thebreak-down. For example, cooling fans attached to hardware componentsfail for various reasons, including when spinning mechanisms fail.Hardware components protected by those fans overheat and fail. Inanother example, water cooling systems have an even greater potentialfor damage. When water carrying components fail, the whole enclosure canbecome wet, in many instances, destroying all hardware components thatbecome wet.

SUMMARY

To solve the above, each hardware component may be placed on a printedcircuit board (“PCB”) in a way that enables all hardware components onthe PCB to be passively cooled without using active cooling systems.Although not all devices can be passively cooled in this manner (e.g.,large servers), many devices (e.g., monitors) can be. A system includingsoftware and/or hardware elements may be used for assigning hardwarecomponents to certain positions on the PCB. That system may be referredto as a component placement system. The component placement system mayreceive, for example, as input from a user, information for variouscomponents to be placed on the PCB (e.g., a video processor, memory,and/or other suitable components). The component placement system mayuse the received information to obtain data on amounts if heat eachcomponent generates. For example, the component placement system mayobtain heat metrics from a server for each of the components.

When the component placement system receives the heat metrics, thecomponent placement system may rank the hardware components based on theamount of heat that each component generates. The system may thendetermine a corresponding position for each of the hardware componentsbased on the ranking of the components and the orientation of the PCB.The placement is generally based on the concept that air having highertemperature, rises while air having cooler temperature falls. The systemmay generate for display a representation of the PCB according tocorresponding positions of the hardware components.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The disclosed embodiments have other advantages and features which willbe more readily apparent from the detailed description, the appendedclaims, and the accompanying figures (or drawings). A brief introductionof the figures is below.

FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of a system for positioning passivelycooled components on a PCB.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating components of an example machineable to read instructions from a machine-readable medium and executethem in a processor (or controller).

FIG. 3 illustrates one embodiment of exemplary modules for positioningpassively cooled components on a PCB.

FIG. 4 illustrates a graph for relating input power per square foot andtemperature rise.

FIG. 5 illustrates one possible placement of components on a PCB.

FIG. 6 illustrates one embodiment of an exemplary flow chart forpositioning passively cooled components on a PCB.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The Figures (FIGS.) and the following description relate to preferredembodiments by way of illustration only. It should be noted that fromthe following discussion, alternative embodiments of the structures andmethods disclosed herein will be readily recognized as viablealternatives that may be employed without departing from the principlesof what is claimed.

Reference will now be made in detail to several embodiments, examples ofwhich are illustrated in the accompanying figures. It is noted thatwherever practicable similar or like reference numbers may be used inthe figures and may indicate similar or like functionality. The figuresdepict embodiments of the disclosed system (or method) for purposes ofillustration only. One skilled in the art will readily recognize fromthe following description that alternative embodiments of the structuresand methods illustrated herein may be employed without departing fromthe principles described herein.

Configuration Overview

Disclosed herein are a system, method and computer readable storagemedium for positioning passively cooled components on a printed circuitboard. FIG. 1 illustrates components of an exemplary component placementsystem. FIG. 1 illustrates electronic design automation (“EDA”) computer110 that may host a portion of the component placement system. EDAcomputer 110 may take input from a user (e.g., via a keyboard, mouseand/or a touch display) and perform various actions that will bedescribed further below. EDA computer 110 may be any suitable computingdevice (e.g., personal computer, laptop, smart phone, electronic tablet,or another suitable computing device). FIG. 1 also illustrates metricsserver 120 that includes database 125. EDA computer 110 may communicatewith metrics sever 120 to obtain data associated with components thatare part of the EDA design (e.g., heat metrics). Metrics server 120 maystore component data (e.g., in database 125) and transmit variouscomponent data to EDA computer 110 responsive to requests originatingfrom EDA computer 110.

Computing Machine Architecture

EDA computer 110 and metrics server 120 may include various software andhardware shown in FIG. 2 . FIG. (FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustratingcomponents of an example machine able to read instructions from amachine-readable medium and execute them in a processor (or controller).Specifically, FIG. 2 shows a diagrammatic representation of a machine inthe example form of a computer system 200 within which program code(e.g., software) for causing the machine to perform any one or more ofthe methodologies discussed herein may be executed. The program code maybe comprised of instructions 224 executable by one or more processors202. In alternative embodiments, the machine operates as a standalonedevice or may be connected (e.g., networked) to other machines. In anetworked deployment, the machine may operate in the capacity of aserver machine or a client machine in a server-client networkenvironment, or as a peer machine in a peer-to-peer (or distributed)network environment.

The machine may be a server computer, a client computer, a personalcomputer (PC), a tablet PC, a set-top box (STB), a personal digitalassistant (PDA), a cellular telephone, a smartphone, a web appliance, anetwork router, switch or bridge, or any machine capable of executinginstructions 224 (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to betaken by that machine. Further, while only a single machine isillustrated, the term “machine” shall also be taken to include anycollection of machines that individually or jointly execute instructions224 to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein.

The example computer system 200 includes a processor 202 (e.g., acentral processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), adigital signal processor (DSP), one or more application specificintegrated circuits (ASICs), one or more radio-frequency integratedcircuits (RFICs), or any combination of these), a main memory 204, and astatic memory 206, which are configured to communicate with each othervia a bus 208. The computer system 200 may further include visualdisplay interface 210. The visual interface may include a softwaredriver that enables displaying user interfaces on a screen (or display).The visual interface may display user interfaces directly (e.g., on thescreen) or indirectly on a surface, window, or the like (e.g., via avisual projection unit). For ease of discussion the visual interface maybe described as a screen. The visual interface 210 may include or mayinterface with a touch enabled screen. The computer system 200 may alsoinclude alphanumeric input device 212 (e.g., a keyboard or touch screenkeyboard), a cursor control device 214 (e.g., a mouse, a trackball, ajoystick, a motion sensor, or other pointing instrument), a storage unit216, a signal generation device 218 (e.g., a speaker), and a networkinterface device 220, which also are configured to communicate via thebus 208.

The storage unit 216 includes a machine-readable medium 222 on which isstored instructions 224 (e.g., software) embodying any one or more ofthe methodologies or functions described herein. The instructions 224(e.g., software) may also reside, completely or at least partially,within the main memory 204 or within the processor 202 (e.g., within aprocessor's cache memory) during execution thereof by the computersystem 200, the main memory 204 and the processor 202 also constitutingmachine-readable media. The instructions 224 (e.g., software) may betransmitted or received over a network 226 via the network interfacedevice 220.

While machine-readable medium 222 is shown in an example embodiment tobe a single medium, the term “machine-readable medium” should be takento include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized ordistributed database, or associated caches and servers) able to storeinstructions (e.g., instructions 224). The term “machine-readablemedium” shall also be taken to include any medium that is capable ofstoring instructions (e.g., instructions 224) for execution by themachine and that cause the machine to perform any one or more of themethodologies disclosed herein. The term “machine-readable medium”includes, but not be limited to, data repositories in the form ofsolid-state memories, optical media, and magnetic media.

Component Placement System

A portion of the component placement system may be hosted on EDAcomputer 110. EDA computer 110 may host input processing module 310,communications module 320, placement determination module 330, andimaging module 340. EDA computer 110 may host more or less modules. Insome embodiments, one or more of these modules may be hosted on adifferent computer system. For example, imaging module 340 may be hostedon another computer system.

Input processing module 310 may receive input originating from a user.For example, input processing module 310 may receive input fromalpha-numeric input device 212 and/or cursor control device 214. In someembodiments, EDU computer 110 may display a list of components forselection and receive a user selection of components to be placed ontothe PCB. Each of these selections may be passed to input processingmodule 310. Input processing module 310 may extract an identifier foreach selected component.

Once input is received, input processing module 310 may format the inputinto one or more requests for retrieving heat generation metrics foreach hardware component. The one or more requests may include anidentifier for each of the components. For example, input processingmodule 310 may receive selections of ten components to be placed onto aPCB. In some embodiments, input processing module 310 may generate tenrequests (e.g., a request per component) and each request may include anidentifier of the component. The identifier may be the name of thecomponent, an alpha-numeric string uniquely identifying each componentand/or another suitable identifier. In some embodiments, input processmodule 310 may generate a single request for all the components andinclude all the identifiers in the request. Input processing module 310may format the one or more requests in a manner that enables theresponding server to process the requests. In some embodiments, inputprocessing module 310 may generate a request per type of component. Forexample, input processing module 310 may generate a single request formemory components, another request for processing components, and otherrequest for other types of hardware components.

Input processing module 310 may pass the one or more requests tocommunications module 320. Communications module 320 may includesoftware and/or hardware components. For example, communications module320 may include network interface device 220 (FIG. 2 ) and software touse network interface device 220 for communications. When communicationsmodule 320 receives the one or more requests, communications module 320may transmit that/those requests for heat generation metrics to a server(e.g., metrics server 120). In response to each request, communicationsmodule 320 may receive data for each hardware component that wasselected. For example, communications module 320 may receive, inresponse to the request, values representing corresponding amounts ofheat generated by each hardware component. The heat generation amountsmay be in watts, which is a unit of measure for transferring one jouleof heat per a second. In some embodiments, the values may be in otherunits. In addition, communications module 320 may receive otherinformation in response to the request. For example, communicationsmodule 320 may receive dimensions of each hardware component, maximumoperating temperature, and/or other information. Communications module320 may pass the received information to placement determination module330.

Placement determination module 330 may receive the information anddetermine, based on the values representing amounts of heat generated bythe hardware components, a ranking for each of the hardware components.For example, placement determination module 330 may iterate through eachcomponent and retrieve the amount of heat each component generates(e.g., a number of watts). Placement determination module 330 may rankthe components based on the retrieved number of watts and store therankings in a data structure together with other data (if any) for eachhardware component.

Generally, based on gas law, gases having a relatively highertemperature rise above gases having a relatively lower temperature. Thismay be explained by the fact that when air molecules become hotter, theymove faster and thus, move apart. As a result, hotter air becomes lessdense and therefore “floats up” above denser (cooler) air. This conceptcan be quantified with an equation:

$\begin{matrix}{A_{h} = {g\left( \frac{\Delta T}{T} \right)}} & {{Equation}1}\end{matrix}$

where A_(h) is acceleration of relatively hot air, g a valuerepresenting the force of gravity, ΔT is a temperature differencebetween surrounding air and the hotter air, and T is the temperature ofthe surrounding air.

Placement determination module 330 may use the equation to determinewhether hot air can accelerate up at a rate fast enough so that eachcomponent on the PCB does not overheat. For example, placementdetermination module 330 may use the constant value for g, a constantvalue for T (e.g., expected room temperature or highest expected roomtemperature) and a difference between the surrounding temperature andthe temperature rise that each component causes when it operates as ΔT.Thus, placement determination module 330 may determine how fast air willaccelerate up when hardware components are operational (e.g., producingmaximum heat). When a hardware component is placed near the relativebottom of the PCB and the heat it produces heats up the air around thehardware component, that hotter air rises (e.g., towards an opening atthe top of an enclosure) and further heats up air near other hardwarecomponents that are placed relatively higher on the PCB.

Placement determination module 330 may determine ΔT based on how muchheat each component produces. Generally, it is known that in a sealedenclosure temperature rises faster as more heat (e.g. in watts) isproduced by the hardware components. FIG. 4 illustrates a graph thatshows two curves that describe how ambient temperature rises relative toamount of heat generated per surface area (e.g., watt per square foot).Based on the graph in FIG. 4 or another suitable graph, heat generationmetrics, and dimensions of each hardware component, placementdetermination module 330 may determine temperature rise around eachhardware component.

As discussed above, when heat is generated by hardware components placednear a bottom edge of the PCB, hot air will rise and add to the heataround relatively higher placed hardware components. Placementdetermination module 330 may also determine which of the other hardwarecomponents can be placed above so that the combination of hot air risingfrom the bottom hardware components and the temperature rise based onthe heat generation by each of the other hardware components does notcause the temperature around each of the components to rise abovemaximum operating temperature of each corresponding component. That is,placement determination module 330 may determine (e.g., using Equation 1and graph of FIG. 4 ) whether the rise in temperature around therelatively higher placed hardware components (on the PCB) will causethose components to fail because the temperature around one or more ofthose components will rise above the maximum operating temperatureand/or stay above the maximum operating temperature for prolongedperiods of time.

If placement determination module 330 determines that the temperaturewill rise above the maximum operating temperature and/or stay above themaximum operating temperature for a prolonged period of time, placementdetermination module 330 may place components in different positions(e.g., relative to each other and relative to the bottom edge of thePCB). For example, if a first hardware component with the highest orhigh heat generation value that is placed near the bottom edge of thePCB, produces an amount of heat that changes the temperature of thesurrounding air to a number that is close to the maximum operatingtemperature of the second hardware component located above, thecombination of this temperature rise and temperature rise caused by theheat generated by the second hardware component may cause thetemperature around the second component to be higher than the maximumoperating temperature of that hardware component. Thus, placementdetermination module 330 may place a different component in thatlocation instead of the second hardware component.

Placement determination module 330 may use various methods for placingcomponents using the principle that components generating higher amountsof heat should be placed lower on a PCB. For example, placementdetermination module 330 may identify a lower edge of the PCB based onthe orientation of the PCB when the PCB is placed in the enclosure. Insome embodiments, orientation of the PCB may be supplied by the user(e.g., via user input). Placement determination module 330 may accessthat user input and retrieve the orientation information. Placementdetermination module 330 may select one or more highest ranked hardwarecomponents according to the ranking (e.g., ranking based on heatmetrics). For example, placement determination module 330 may determinewhether there is enough horizontal space on the PCB to place multiplehardware components (e.g., hardware components with highest ranks) nearthe bottom edge of the PCB. For example, placement determination module330 may extract dimensions of each of the highest ranked hardwarecomponents and compare those dimensions with the dimensions of the PCB.Based on the comparison, placement determination module 330 maydetermine whether one or more hardware components can be placed alongthe bottom/lower edge of the PCB. Placement determination module 330 mayselect one or more of the highest ranked components to placed along thelower/bottom edge of the PCB and assign those components to be placedalong that bottom edge.

In some embodiments, placement determination module 330 may determinethe ranking for each of the hardware components by taking the followingactions. Placement determination module 330 may select one or morehardware components associated with a highest amount of generated heat.For example, placement determination module 330 may access a datastructure in memory that includes information about each of the hardwarecomponents and iterate through the data structure to identify thecomponent or components with the highest amount of generated heat.Placement determination module 330 may then assign a highest ranking tothe one or more hardware components associated with the highest amountof generated heat.

Placement determination module 330 may continue the process until allhardware components are placed on the PCB. When placement determinationmodule 330 completes the placement process, it may pass a data structurewith the placement information to imaging module 340. Imaging module 340may generate for display a representation of the PCB and the pluralityof hardware components according to corresponding positions of theplurality of hardware components.

FIG. 5 illustrates one possible placement of components on a PCB.Imaging module 340 may generate for display drawing 500 corresponding tothe PCB and the hardware components on the PCB. Hardware component 502may be one of the components generating a higher and/or high amount ofheat, thus, placement determination module 330 may place hardwarecomponent 502 near the bottom edge of the PCB. Hardware component 504may be a component that generates a smaller amount of heat (e.g., incomparison to hardware component 502). Thus, placement determinationmodule 330 may place hardware component 504 higher on the PCB relativeto hardware component 502. In addition, placement determination module330 may have determined that the temperature rise from heat generatedfrom hardware component 504 combined with heated air accelerating upfrom around hardware components 502 does not raise the temperature ofair around hardware component 504 beyond the maximum operatingtemperature of hardware component 504. Therefore, placementdetermination module 330 may have placed hardware components 502 and 504in their respective positions on the PCB.

The PCB in FIG. 5 may be placed in an enclosure (not shown) with othercomponents of a system. For example, the PCB may be placed into the sameenclosure with a display screen creating a monitor. The enclosure mayhave slits positioned at a location corresponding to the top of the PCBso that heated air can “escape” the enclosure through those slits (notshown). In some embodiments, the enclosure may have slits positioned ina location near the bottom of the PCB so that cooler air (e.g., air ofroom temperature) can enter the enclosure through those slits.

In some embodiments, the component placement system may receive theamounts of heat generated by the hardware components in one or more datastructures. Each data structure may include an identifier of acorresponding hardware component (e.g., the same identifier sent in therequest) and a heat value representing an amount of heat that thecorresponding hardware component generates. The heat value may be inwatts or another suitable unit. In some embodiments, the componentplacement system may receive one data structure per hardware component.In some embodiments, these data structure may be combined into a largerdata structure including data for multiple (e.g., all) hardwarecomponents requested. In some embodiments, the data structure mayinclude a temperature value indicating a maximum operating temperatureof a corresponding hardware component. The temperature may be inFahrenheit, Celsius, Kelvin, or in another suitable scale.

In some embodiments, placement determination module 330 may assign thecorresponding location on the PCB for each of the hardware componentsusing machine learning methods. For example, placement determinationmodule 330 may input attributes of each of the hardware components intoa neural network 350. The attributes may include one or more of the heatgeneration metrics of each hardware component, dimensions of each theplurality of hardware components, and/or dimensions of the PCB. Theneural network 350 may process the input and output the result.Placement determination module 330 may receive, from the neural network350, an arrangement for the plurality of hardware components. Forexample, the placement arrangement may include data on where to placecomponents 502 and 504 (FIG. 5 ).

In some embodiments, placement determination module 330 may be used totrain the neural network 350. For example, placement determinationmodule 330 may access a location with stored attributes of hardwarecomponents and corresponding placements on a PCB. Placementdetermination module 330 may input that data into a neural network totrain the neural network 350.

FIG. 6 illustrates one embodiment of an exemplary flow chart forpositioning passively cooled components on a PCB. At 602, EDA computer110 receives, from an input device, a plurality of identifiers for aplurality of hardware components. EDA computer 110 may include one ormore components recited in associated with FIG. 2 . EDA computer 110 mayreceive input via alpha-numeric input device 212 and/or via cursorcontrol device 214. In some embodiments, EDA computer 110 may generatefor display, via visual interface 210, a number of choices for selectinghardware components to be included on the PCB. EDA computer 110 mayreceive user input of the selections.

At 604, EDA computer 110 transmits one or more requests for heatgeneration metrics for each of the plurality of hardware components, theone or more requests including the plurality of identifiers. EDAcomputer 110 may use network interface device 220 to transmit theidentifiers to metrics server 120 via network 226. At 606, EDA computer110 receives, in response to the request, a plurality of valuesrepresenting amounts of heat generated by the plurality of hardwarecomponents. For example, EDA computer 110 may receive, from metricsserver 120 via network 226, the amounts of heat using network interfacedevice 220.

At 608, EDA computer 110 determines, based on the plurality of valuesrepresenting amounts of heat generated by the plurality of hardwarecomponents, a ranking for each of the plurality of hardware components.For example, when the amounts of heat are received via network interface220, those amounts of heat may be stored in main memory 204 and/or on astorage unit 216. Processor 202 may access the amounts of heat anditerate through them to determine one or more hardware components withthe highest amount of heat.

At 610, EDA computer 110 assigns, based on the ranking for each of theplurality of hardware components and orientation of the PCB when the PCBis placed into an enclosure, a corresponding location on the PCB foreach of the plurality of the hardware components. For example, process202 may perform this operation using main memory 204 to store, forexample, a neural network or other data which is used in the assignmentoperation. At 612, EDA computer 110 may generate for display arepresentation of the PCB and the plurality of hardware componentsaccording to corresponding positions of the plurality of hardwarecomponents. For example, EDA computer 110 may use visual interface 210to perform this operation.

Additional Configuration Considerations

Throughout this specification, plural instances may implementcomponents, operations, or structures described as a single instance.Although individual operations of one or more methods are illustratedand described as separate operations, one or more of the individualoperations may be performed concurrently, and nothing requires that theoperations be performed in the order illustrated. Structures andfunctionality presented as separate components in example configurationsmay be implemented as a combined structure or component. Similarly,structures and functionality presented as a single component may beimplemented as separate components. These and other variations,modifications, additions, and improvements fall within the scope of thesubject matter herein.

Certain embodiments are described herein as including logic or a numberof components, modules, or mechanisms. Modules may constitute eithersoftware modules (e.g., code embodied on a machine-readable medium or ina transmission signal) or hardware modules. A hardware module istangible unit capable of performing certain operations and may beconfigured or arranged in a certain manner. In example embodiments, oneor more computer systems (e.g., a standalone, client or server computersystem) or one or more hardware modules of a computer system (e.g., aprocessor or a group of processors) may be configured by software (e.g.,an application or application portion) as a hardware module thatoperates to perform certain operations as described herein.

In various embodiments, a hardware module may be implementedmechanically or electronically. For example, a hardware module maycomprise dedicated circuitry or logic that is permanently configured(e.g., as a special-purpose processor, such as a field programmable gatearray (FPGA) or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)) toperform certain operations. A hardware module may also compriseprogrammable logic or circuitry (e.g., as encompassed within ageneral-purpose processor or other programmable processor) that istemporarily configured by software to perform certain operations. Itwill be appreciated that the decision to implement a hardware modulemechanically, in dedicated and permanently configured circuitry, or intemporarily configured circuitry (e.g., configured by software) may bedriven by cost and time considerations.

Accordingly, the term “hardware module” should be understood toencompass a tangible entity, be that an entity that is physicallyconstructed, permanently configured (e.g., hardwired), or temporarilyconfigured (e.g., programmed) to operate in a certain manner or toperform certain operations described herein. As used herein,“hardware-implemented module” refers to a hardware module. Consideringembodiments in which hardware modules are temporarily configured (e.g.,programmed), each of the hardware modules need not be configured orinstantiated at any one instance in time. For example, where thehardware modules comprise a general-purpose processor configured usingsoftware, the general-purpose processor may be configured as respectivedifferent hardware modules at different times. Software may accordinglyconfigure a processor, for example, to constitute a particular hardwaremodule at one instance of time and to constitute a different hardwaremodule at a different instance of time.

Hardware modules can provide information to, and receive informationfrom, other hardware modules. Accordingly, the described hardwaremodules may be regarded as being communicatively coupled. Where multipleof such hardware modules exist contemporaneously, communications may beachieved through signal transmission (e.g., over appropriate circuitsand buses) that connect the hardware modules. In embodiments in whichmultiple hardware modules are configured or instantiated at differenttimes, communications between such hardware modules may be achieved, forexample, through the storage and retrieval of information in memorystructures to which the multiple hardware modules have access. Forexample, one hardware module may perform an operation and store theoutput of that operation in a memory device to which it iscommunicatively coupled. A further hardware module may then, at a latertime, access the memory device to retrieve and process the storedoutput. Hardware modules may also initiate communications with input oroutput devices, and can operate on a resource (e.g., a collection ofinformation).

The various operations of example methods described herein may beperformed, at least partially, by one or more processors that aretemporarily configured (e.g., by software) or permanently configured toperform the relevant operations. Whether temporarily or permanentlyconfigured, such processors may constitute processor-implemented modulesthat operate to perform one or more operations or functions. The modulesreferred to herein may, in some example embodiments, compriseprocessor-implemented modules.

Similarly, the methods described herein may be at least partiallyprocessor-implemented. For example, at least some of the operations of amethod may be performed by one or processors or processor-implementedhardware modules. The performance of certain of the operations may bedistributed among the one or more processors, not only residing within asingle machine, but deployed across a number of machines. In someexample embodiments, the processor or processors may be located in asingle location (e.g., within a home environment, an office environmentor as a server farm), while in other embodiments the processors may bedistributed across a number of locations.

The one or more processors may also operate to support performance ofthe relevant operations in a “cloud computing” environment or as a“software as a service” (SaaS). For example, at least some of theoperations may be performed by a group of computers (as examples ofmachines including processors), these operations being accessible via anetwork (e.g., the Internet) and via one or more appropriate interfaces(e.g., application program interfaces (APIs).)

The performance of certain of the operations may be distributed amongthe one or more processors, not only residing within a single machine,but deployed across a number of machines. In some example embodiments,the one or more processors or processor-implemented modules may belocated in a single geographic location (e.g., within a homeenvironment, an office environment, or a server farm). In other exampleembodiments, the one or more processors or processor-implemented modulesmay be distributed across a number of geographic locations.

Some portions of this specification are presented in terms of algorithmsor symbolic representations of operations on data stored as bits orbinary digital signals within a machine memory (e.g., a computermemory). These algorithms or symbolic representations are examples oftechniques used by those of ordinary skill in the data processing artsto convey the substance of their work to others skilled in the art. Asused herein, an “algorithm” is a self-consistent sequence of operationsor similar processing leading to a desired result. In this context,algorithms and operations involve physical manipulation of physicalquantities. Typically, but not necessarily, such quantities may take theform of electrical, magnetic, or optical signals capable of beingstored, accessed, transferred, combined, compared, or otherwisemanipulated by a machine. It is convenient at times, principally forreasons of common usage, to refer to such signals using words such as“data,” “content,” “bits,” “values,” “elements,” “symbols,”“characters,” “terms,” “numbers,” “numerals,” or the like. These words,however, are merely convenient labels and are to be associated withappropriate physical quantities.

Unless specifically stated otherwise, discussions herein using wordssuch as “processing,” “computing,” “calculating,” “determining,”“presenting,” “displaying,” or the like may refer to actions orprocesses of a machine (e.g., a computer) that manipulates or transformsdata represented as physical (e.g., electronic, magnetic, or optical)quantities within one or more memories (e.g., volatile memory,non-volatile memory, or a combination thereof), registers, or othermachine components that receive, store, transmit, or displayinformation.

As used herein any reference to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment”means that a particular element, feature, structure, or characteristicdescribed in connection with the embodiment is included in at least oneembodiment. The appearances of the phrase “in one embodiment” in variousplaces in the specification are not necessarily all referring to thesame embodiment.

Some embodiments may be described using the expression “coupled” and“connected” along with their derivatives. It should be understood thatthese terms are not intended as synonyms for each other. For example,some embodiments may be described using the term “connected” to indicatethat two or more elements are in direct physical or electrical contactwith each other. In another example, some embodiments may be describedusing the term “coupled” to indicate that two or more elements are indirect physical or electrical contact. The term “coupled,” however, mayalso mean that two or more elements are not in direct contact with eachother, but yet still co-operate or interact with each other. Theembodiments are not limited in this context.

As used herein, the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,”“including,” “has,” “having” or any other variation thereof, areintended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process,method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is notnecessarily limited to only those elements but may include otherelements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method,article, or apparatus. Further, unless expressly stated to the contrary,“or” refers to an inclusive or and not to an exclusive or. For example,a condition A or B is satisfied by any one of the following: A is true(or present) and B is false (or not present), A is false (or notpresent) and B is true (or present), and both A and B are true (orpresent).

In addition, use of the “a” or “an” are employed to describe elementsand components of the embodiments herein. This is done merely forconvenience and to give a general sense of the invention. Thisdescription should be read to include one or at least one and thesingular also includes the plural unless it is obvious that it is meantotherwise.

Upon reading this disclosure, those of skill in the art will appreciatestill additional alternative structural and functional designs for asystem and a process for passively cooling hardware components throughthe disclosed principles herein. Thus, while particular embodiments andapplications have been illustrated and described, it is to be understoodthat the disclosed embodiments are not limited to the preciseconstruction and components disclosed herein. Various modifications,changes and variations, which will be apparent to those skilled in theart, may be made in the arrangement, operation and details of the methodand apparatus disclosed herein without departing from the spirit andscope defined in the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for positioning passively cooledcomponents on a printed circuit board (PCB), the method comprising:receiving a plurality of identifiers of a plurality of hardwarecomponents, the plurality of hardware components configured to be placedon the PCB; determining a ranking for each of the plurality of hardwarecomponents based on heat generation metrics including a plurality ofvalues representing amounts of heat generated by the plurality ofhardware components; identifying a lower edge of the PCB based on anorientation of the PCB while the PCB is in an enclosure; selecting oneor more highest ranked hardware components from the plurality ofhardware components for assignment to locations along the lower edge ofthe PCB, the one or more highest ranked hardware components includingthe hardware component having a value representing a highest amount ofheat amongst the plurality of hardware components; assigning each of theplurality of hardware components a corresponding location on the PCBbased on the orientation of the PCB and a value from the plurality ofvalues that represents an amount of heat generated by the hardwarecomponent, wherein the selected one or more highest ranked hardwarecomponents are assigned to a location along the lower edge of the PCB;and generating a representation of the PCB and the plurality of hardwarecomponents for display, the representation generated according to theassigned location of each of the plurality of hardware components. 2.The method of claim 1, further comprising: transmitting a request forheat generation metrics for the plurality of hardware components to aserver, the one or more requests comprising the plurality ofidentifiers; receiving, from the server, the heat generation metricsincluding a plurality of values representing amounts of heat generatedby the plurality of hardware components.
 3. The method of claim 2,wherein assigning each of the plurality of hardware components thecorresponding location on the PCB comprises: inputting attributes ofeach of the plurality of hardware components into a neural network, theattributes including at least one of the heat generation metrics of theplurality of hardware components, dimensions of each the plurality ofhardware components, or dimensions of the PCB; and receiving, from theneural network, an arrangement for the plurality of hardware componentson the PCB.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more highestranked hardware components are initially assigned locations along thelower edge of the PCB further based on dimensions of each of the one ormore highest ranked hardware components.
 5. The method of claim 4,wherein assigning each of the plurality of hardware componentscomprises: re-assigning at least one hardware component from the one ormore highest ranked hardware components from locations along the loweredge of the PCB to locations other than the lower edge of the PCBresponsive to determining that heat generated by the at least onehardware component will cause one or more of the plurality of hardwarecomponents to operate at a temperature that is greater than a maximumoperating temperature of the one or more of the plurality of hardwarecomponents.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the plurality ofidentifiers of a plurality of hardware components comprises: receiving adata structure for each of the plurality of values, the data structurefor each of the plurality of values including an identifier of acorresponding hardware component and a heat value representing acorresponding amount of heat that the corresponding hardware componentgenerates.
 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the data structure furthercomprises a temperature value for a corresponding maximum operatingtemperature of the corresponding hardware component.
 8. The method ofclaim 1, wherein ranking comprises: selecting the hardware componenthaving the value representing the highest amount of heat generated bythe hardware components amongst the plurality of hardware components;and assigning a highest ranking to the hardware component.
 9. Anon-transitory computer-readable medium comprising memory withinstructions encoded thereon for positioning passively cooled componentson a printed circuit board (PCB), the instructions when executed causingone or more processors to perform operations comprising: receiving aplurality of identifiers of a plurality of hardware components, theplurality of hardware components configured to be placed on the PCB;determining a ranking for each of the plurality of hardware componentsbased on heat generation metrics including a plurality of valuesrepresenting amounts of heat generated by the plurality of hardwarecomponents; identifying a lower edge of the PCB based on an orientationof the PCB while the PCB is in an enclosure; selecting one or morehighest ranked hardware components from the plurality of hardwarecomponents for assignment to locations along the lower edge of the PCB,the one or more highest ranked hardware components including thehardware component having a value representing a highest amount of heatamongst the plurality of hardware components; assigning each of theplurality of hardware components a corresponding location on the PCBbased on the orientation of the PCB and a value from the plurality ofvalues that represents an amount of heat generated by the hardwarecomponent, wherein the selected one or more highest ranked hardwarecomponents are assigned to a location along the lower edge of the PCB;and generating a representation of the PCB and the plurality of hardwarecomponents for display, the representation generated according to theassigned location of each of the plurality of hardware components. 10.The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein theinstructions further cause the one or more processors to performoperations comprising: transmitting a request for heat generationmetrics for the plurality of hardware components to a server, the one ormore requests comprising the plurality of identifiers; receiving, fromthe server, the heat generation metrics including a plurality of valuesrepresenting amounts of heat generated by the plurality of hardwarecomponents.
 11. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 10,wherein assigning each of the plurality of hardware components thecorresponding location on the PCB comprises: inputting attributes ofeach of the plurality of hardware components into a neural network, theattributes including at least one of the heat generation metrics of theplurality of hardware components, dimensions of each the plurality ofhardware components, or dimensions of the PCB; and receiving, from theneural network, an arrangement for the plurality of hardware componentson the PCB.
 12. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9,wherein the one or more highest ranked hardware components are initiallyassigned locations along the lower edge of the PCB further based ondimensions of each of the one or more highest ranked hardwarecomponents.
 13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 12,wherein assigning each of the plurality of hardware componentscomprises: re-assigning at least one hardware component from the one ormore highest ranked hardware components from locations along the loweredge of the PCB to locations other than the lower edge of the PCBresponsive to determining that heat generated by the at least onehardware component will cause one or more of the plurality of hardwarecomponents to operate at a temperature that is greater than a maximumoperating temperature of the one or more of the plurality of hardwarecomponents.
 14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9,wherein receiving plurality of identifiers of a plurality of hardwarecomponents comprises: receiving a data structure for each of theplurality of values, the data structure for each of the plurality ofvalues including an identifier of a corresponding hardware component anda heat value representing a corresponding amount of heat that thecorresponding hardware component generates.
 15. The non-transitorycomputer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein the data structure furthercomprises a temperature value for a corresponding maximum operatingtemperature of the corresponding hardware component.
 16. A system forpositioning passively cooled components on a printed circuit board(PCB), the system comprising: memory storing instructions; and one ormore processors configured to execute the instructions that cause theone or more processors to perform operations including: receiving aplurality of identifiers of a plurality of hardware components, theplurality of hardware components configured to be placed on the PCB;determining a ranking for each of the plurality of hardware componentsbased on heat generation metrics including a plurality of valuesrepresenting amounts of heat generated by the plurality of hardwarecomponents; identifying a lower edge of the PCB based on an orientationof the PCB while the PCB is in an enclosure; selecting one or morehighest ranked hardware components from the plurality of hardwarecomponents for assignment to locations along the lower edge of the PCB,the one or more highest ranked hardware components including thehardware component having a value representing a highest amount of heatamongst the plurality of hardware components; assigning each of theplurality of hardware components a corresponding location on the PCBbased on the orientation of the PCB and a value from the plurality ofvalues that represents an amount of heat generated by the hardwarecomponent, wherein the selected one or more highest ranked hardwarecomponents are assigned to a location along the lower edge of the PCB;and generating a representation of the PCB and the plurality of hardwarecomponents for display, the representation generated according to theassigned location of each of the plurality of hardware components. 17.The system of claim 16, wherein the instructions further cause the oneor more processors to perform operations comprising: transmitting arequest for heat generation metrics for the plurality of hardwarecomponents to a server, the one or more requests comprising theplurality of identifiers; receiving, from the server, the heatgeneration metrics including a plurality of values representing amountsof heat generated by the plurality of hardware components.